WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Church’s response to the threat from Luther and others during this period is called the Counter-Reformation ("counter” meaning against).

Detailed explanation-2: -The Reformation was the start of Protestantism and the split of the Western Church into Protestantism and what is now the Roman Catholic Church.

Detailed explanation-3: -Protestant Reformation began in 1517 with Martin Luther Luther argued that the church had to be reformed. He believed that individuals could be saved only by personal faith in Jesus Christ and the grace of God.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Inquisition was a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to root out and punish heresy throughout Europe and the Americas. Beginning in the 12th century and continuing for hundreds of years, the Inquisition is infamous for the severity of its tortures and its persecution of Jews and Muslims.

Detailed explanation-5: -Various branches of the Roman Catholic church were created during the aftermath of the Catholic Reformation, including the Jesuits and Franciscans. In 1540, Pope Paul III approved the creation of the Jesuits, a religious order that focuses on poverty, chastity, and obedience to the Pope.

Detailed explanation-6: -From the divisions three great branches of Christianity developped: Orthodox, Catholic and Protestant. In 1054 the East-West schism separated the Orthodox from the Catholics; in 1517 the Reformation gave birth to Protestantism.