WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Council of Trent, 19th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, held in three parts from 1545 to 1563. Prompted by the Reformation, the Council of Trent responded emphatically to the issues at hand and enacted the formal Roman Catholic reply to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestants.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pope Paul III (1534–1549) is considered to be the first pope of the Counter-Reformation, and also initiated the Council of Trent (1545–1563), a commission of cardinals tasked with institutional reform, addressing contentious issues such as corrupt bishops and priests, indulgences, and other financial abuses.

Detailed explanation-3: -The first period of the council was from 1545 to 1547. Pope Paul III called this council to address concerns of corruption in the Church and affirm basic Catholic doctrines against statements made by members of the Protestant faith.

Detailed explanation-4: -In its first period (1545–47) it accepted the Nicene Creed as the basis of Catholic faith, fixed the canon of the Old and New Testaments, set the number of sacraments at seven, and defined the nature and consequences of original sin; it also ruled against Martin Luther’s doctrine of justification by faith alone.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Council of Trent opened on December 13, 1545, and closed on December 4, 1563.