WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Crusades, though never achieving the original goal of returning the Holy Lands to Christian control, is still considered a major turning point in Western history because of its long-lasting effects on Europe, the Middle East, as well as on the Christian and Muslim worlds.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Crusades also negatively impacted the Muslim-Christian relations-widened the gap, and led to the mutual hatred and hostility. In addition, Christianity also got fractured into two factions: Greek and Latin.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Fourth Crusade, originally organized to invade Egypt, ultimately targeted the Christian Byzantines due to debt and the desire to force the Byzantines to join the Crusade, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Byzantines and the temporary destruction of the empire.

Detailed explanation-4: -Fall of Constantinople, (May 29, 1453), conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. The dwindling Byzantine Empire came to an end when the Ottomans breached Constantinople’s ancient land wall after besieging the city for 55 days.