WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Flamethrowers, poison gas, tanks, and grenades were employed extensively on the battlefields of Europe. Mustard gas, for instance, was a dangerous type of gas that had a garlicky-scent to it and was slightly yellow in color.

Detailed explanation-2: -Machine guns were an exceptionally lethal addition to the battlefield in World War I. Heavy guns, such as the Maxim and Hotchkiss, made “no man’s land” a killing zone, and Isaac Newton Lewis’s light machine gun saw widespread use at the squad level and as an aircraft armament.

Detailed explanation-3: -On April 22, 1915 at 5 p.m. a wave of asphyxiating gas released from cylinders embedded in the ground by German specialist troops smothered the Allied line on the northern end of the Ypres salient, causing panic and a struggle to survive a new form of weapon.

Detailed explanation-4: -By the time of the armistice on November 11, 1918, the use of chemical weapons such as chlorine, phosgene, and mustard gas had resulted in more than 1.3 million casualties and approximately 90 000 deaths (Table 1 ▶).