WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Due to acute shortages of grain supplies and outdated modes of production Stalin introduced the collectivization programme. Under this program, peasants were forced to cultivate on collective farms called as Kolkhoz. Those who resisted collectivization programme were severely punished and many were deported and exiled.

Detailed explanation-2: -Collectivization-The policy of transferring the own-ership of private farmland to the state. The Soviet state in the 1930s seized land and set up collective farms where workers would produce grain for the state to distribute. The policy proved disastrous for grain pro-duction levels.

Detailed explanation-3: -(i)Stalin forced all peasants to cultivate in collective farms, kolkhoz. The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms. Peasants worked on the land, and the kolkhoz profit was shared. (ii)Enraged peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their livestock.

Detailed explanation-4: -In many cases, the immediate effect of collectivization was the reduction of output and the cutting of the number of livestock in half. The subsequent recovery of the agricultural production was also impeded by the losses suffered by the Soviet Union during World War II and the severe drought of 1946.

Detailed explanation-5: -Peasant resistance to collectivization took many forms: wanton slaughter of livestock, women’s riots ( bab’i bunty ), theft and destruction of collective farm property, and, perhaps most widely spread, an intentionally slow pace in carrying out directives of the kolkhoz administration.