WORLD HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Collectivization and Industrialization. In November 1927, Joseph Stalin launched his “revolution from above” by setting two extraordinary goals for Soviet domestic policy: rapid industrialization and collectivization of agriculture.

Detailed explanation-2: -Due to acute shortages of grain supplies and outdated modes of production Stalin introduced the collectivization programme. Under this program, peasants were forced to cultivate on collective farms called as Kolkhoz. Those who resisted collectivization programme were severely punished and many were deported and exiled.

Detailed explanation-3: -Farmers in Ukraine, known as the “bread basket” of the Soviet Union for its fertile soil, resisted giving up their land to the state and joining collective farms. The Soviet state under Stalin responded with a program called “de-kulakization, ‘’ which evicted farmers and their families.

Detailed explanation-4: -In all, there were thirteen Soviet five-year plans. The first ran from the autumn of 1928 to 1933; at that time the accounting year began in October with the end of the harvest. The third plan (1938-1942) was interrupted in mid-1941 by World War II. Five-year planning began again with the fourth (1946-1960).

Detailed explanation-5: -The First Five Year Plan resulted in the easy access of staple foods bread, potatoes and cabbage across the Soviet Union. Severe drops in agriculture did however result in famine and inflation as agricultural output and livestock numbers in general dropped.

Detailed explanation-6: -Under the Second Five-Year Plan (1933-37), the state devoted attention to consumer goods, and the factories built during the first plan helped increase industrial output in general. The Second Five-Year Plan (1933-37) continued the primary emphasis on heavy industry.