BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Amino acids are natural compounds composed of amine (–NH2) and carboxylic acid (–COOH) functional groups, linked to the same carbon atom.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lysine and arginine have basic amine functions in their side-chains; histidine and tryptophan have less basic nitrogen heterocyclic rings as substituents. Finally, carboxylic acid side-chains are substituents on aspartic and glutamic acid, and the last two compounds in the right column are their corresponding amides.

Detailed explanation-3: -At the “center” of each amino acid is a carbon called the carbon and attached to it are four groups-a hydrogen, an -carboxyl group, an -amine group, and an R-group, sometimes referred to as a side chain.

Detailed explanation-4: -Aldehydes and Ketones Ketones and aldehydes are two closely related carbonyl-based functional groups that react in very similar ways. In a ketone, the carbon atom of a carbonyl is bonded to two other carbons. In an aldehyde, the carbonyl carbon is bonded on one side to a hydrogen, and on the other side to a carbon.

Detailed explanation-5: -When connected together by a series of peptide bonds, amino acids form a polypeptide, another word for protein. The polypeptide will then fold into a specific conformation depending on the interactions (dashed lines) between its amino acid side chains.