BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Why can egg albumin be used as an antidote as for lead and mercury poisoning?-Because picric acid when combines with the protein in the exposed areas if formed a leathering protein that means they shrink. The acid will shrink the tissue around the burn and prevent loss of precious proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -Milk or egg whites consumption is recommended as an antidote because an insoluble solid is formed (a protein-heavy metal precipitate) that needs to be removed immediately from the stomach before the gastric acid denatures the proteins and sets the heavy metal free again.

Detailed explanation-3: -Heavy metal salts, Ag+, Hg+ and Pb+ denature proteins by reacting with the sulfhydryl groups to form stable, metal-sulfur bonds. This prevents formation of needed disulfide bonds. Metal ions can also combine with the carboxylate ion on R-groups, preventing their participation in salt bridges.

Detailed explanation-4: -solution by heavy metal ions. These metal ions precipitate the protein from their solution. On the alkaline side of isoelectric pH, Protein dissociates as protein anion(Pr-) which combines with positive metal ion (cation) to form insoluble precipitate of metal proteinate such as lead albuminate and silver albuminate.

Detailed explanation-5: -Metals interfere with the biological activity of native, folded proteins through diverse modes of interaction; they may: (1) bind to free thiols or other functional groups in proteins; (2) displace essential metal ions in metalloproteins; or (3) catalyze oxidation of amino acid side chains [3, 4, 6].