BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -A carboxyl group is made up of one carbon (C) and two oxygen (O) atoms. That carboxyl group has a negative charge, since it is a carboxylic acid (-COOH) that has lost its hydrogen (H) atom. What is left-the carboxyl group-is called a conjugate base. The second carbon is connected to the amino group.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glutamic acid consists of a single amino group along with two carboxyl groups.

Detailed explanation-3: -Charge of the amino acid side chains At pH=7, two are negative charged: aspartic acid (Asp, D) and glutamic acid (Glu, E) (acidic side chains), and three are positive charged: lysine (Lys, K), arginine (Arg, R) and histidine (His, H) (basic side chains).

Detailed explanation-4: -For example, in some amino acids like aspartic acid and glutamic acid, the R group carries an extra carboxylic group. These amino acids are called acidic amino acids and are negatively charged at neutral pH because of the presence of extra carboxylic groups in R group.