BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Enzymes are biological catalysts. Catalysts lower the activation energy for reactions. The lower the activation energy for a reaction, the faster the rate. Thus enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.

Detailed explanation-2: -The enzyme speeds up the reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to start. Compare the activation energy with and without the enzyme. Enzymes generally lower activation energy by reducing the energy needed for reactants to come together and react.

Detailed explanation-3: -Ans. The correct answer is option ‘a’ catalysts increase the rate of the reaction by reducing the free energy of the transition state, which lowers the activation energy.

Detailed explanation-4: -Temperature: Raising temperature generally speeds up a reaction, and lowering temperature slows down a reaction. However, extreme high temperatures can cause an enzyme to lose its shape (denature) and stop working. pH: Each enzyme has an optimum pH range. Changing the pH outside of this range will slow enzyme activity.