BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -To catalyze a reaction, an enzyme will grab on (bind) to one or more reactant molecules. These molecules are the enzyme’s substrates. In some reactions, one substrate is broken down into multiple products. In others, two substrates come together to create one larger molecule or to swap pieces.

Detailed explanation-2: -A substrate is a molecule that an enzyme reacts with. The enzyme’s active site, or the location where weak bonds between the two molecules can form, is loaded with a substrate. An enzyme substrate complex is formed, and the enzyme’s pressures on the substrate drive it to react and become the planned reaction’s result.

Detailed explanation-3: -All enzymes have an active site, where the reaction is catalysed. This part of the enzyme has the specific shape and functional groups to bind to the reacting molecules (called the substrate). Hence the active site contains a small number of catalytic amino acids, which are essential in catalysing the reaction.

Detailed explanation-4: -When an enzyme binds its substrate, it forms an enzyme-substrate complex. This complex lowers the activation energy of the reaction and promotes its rapid progression by providing certain ions or chemical groups that actually form covalent bonds with molecules as a necessary step of the reaction process.

Detailed explanation-5: -The location within the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the enzyme’s active site . The active site is where the “action” happens, so to speak. Since enzymes are proteins, there is a unique combination of amino acid residues (also called side chains, or R groups) within the active site.