BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -During metaphase, the nucleus dissolves and the cell’s chromosomes condense and move together, aligning in the center of the dividing cell.

Detailed explanation-2: -The spindle fibers then control chromosome movement like puppets on a string. Therefore, spindle fibers align the chromosomes at the center of the cell on the metaphase plate during metaphase.

Detailed explanation-3: -During anaphase (b), the sister chromatids are pulled apart and move toward opposite poles of the cell. Following prometaphase, metaphase begins. At the start of metaphase, the microtubules arrange the chromosomes in a line along the equator of the cell, known as the metaphase plate (Figure 3b).

Detailed explanation-4: -As mitosis progresses, the microtubules attach to the chromosomes, which have already duplicated their DNA and aligned across the center of the cell. The spindle tubules then shorten and move toward the poles of the cell. As they move, they pull the one copy of each chromosome with them to opposite poles of the cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -The movement of chromosomes is facilitated by a structure called the mitotic spindle, which consists of microtubules and associated proteins. Spindles extend from centrioles on each of the two sides (or poles) of the cell, attach to the chromosomes and align them, and pull the sister chromatids apart.