BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Cold temperatures do not denature enzymes because cold does not cause chemical bonds to break. Enzymes are suited to function best within a certain temperature, pH, and salt concentration range. In addition to high temperatures, extreme pH and salt concentrations can cause enzymes to denature.

Detailed explanation-2: -Enzymes are also subject to cold denaturation, leading to the loss of enzyme activity at low temperatures [11]. This phenomenon is thought to occur through the hydration of polar and non-polar groups of proteins [12], a process thermodynamically favoured at low temperatures.

Detailed explanation-3: -The correct answer: The factor which does NOT affect enzyme activity is d. Free Energy. The enzyme’s activity varies with the changing physical conditions. These factors can cause changes in the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme.

Detailed explanation-4: -Enzymes are protein molecules that get denatured at high temperatures. High heat breaks hydrogen and ionic bonds leading to disruption in enzyme shape. The enzyme loses its activity and can no longer bind to the substrate.

Detailed explanation-5: -The working of enzymes is slowed down with the lowering of temperature, while higher temperatures destroy them. This flexibility is essential to how enzymes bind to other molecules and cause chemical reactions to happen on those molecules.