BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -A plant laid on its side in the dark will send shoots upward when given enough time. Gravitropism ensures that roots grow into the soil and that shoots grow toward sunlight. Growth of the shoot apical tip upward is called negative gravitropism, whereas growth of the roots downward is called positive gravitropism.

Detailed explanation-2: -The shoots of a plant demonstrate negative gravitropism and grow and adjust in the opposite direction of the source of gravity, detected by the statocytes surrounding the vascular tissue in a plant’s stem and leaves.

Detailed explanation-3: -For example, the shoot of the plant shows negative geotropism whereas the roots of the plants show positive geotropism.

Detailed explanation-4: -For instance, the roots of the plants grow towards the gravitational field whereas the stem grows away from the gravitational field. The downward growth of roots is an example of a positive gravitropism whereas the upward growth of roots is an example of negative gravitropism.

Detailed explanation-5: -Shoot gravitropism is triggered when statocysts sense the local angle of the growing organ relative to the gravitational field. Lateral transport of the hormone auxin to the lower side is then enhanced, resulting in differential gene expression and cell elongation causing the organ to bend.