BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The insulin-antagonistic effects of glucagon and adrenaline are of rapid onset, whereas those of cortisol and growth hormone are only observed after a lag period of several hours. Glucagon is the most important hormone for acute glucose counterregulation.

Detailed explanation-2: -The glucagon-insulin antagonism was maximally expressed when glucagon was present at low physiological concentrations. At equimolar doses it was only in the concentration range around 0.1 nM that glucagon and insulin became powerful antagonists; at higher levels glucagon was the dominant hormone.

Detailed explanation-3: -Glucagon and Insulin Insulin and glucagon are antagonistic hormones. Alpha cells secrete glucagon, beta cells secrete insulin.

Detailed explanation-4: -Antagonistic hormones are a pair of hormones that have the opposite effects. For example, insulin and glucagon are antagonistic hormones because insulin functions to decrease blood glucose levels, whereas glucagon functions to increase blood glucose levels.