BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -The two strands are connected by chemical bonds between the bases: adenine bonds with thymine, and cytosine bonds with guanine. The sequence of the bases along DNA’s backbone encodes biological information, such as the instructions for making a protein or RNA molecule.

Detailed explanation-2: -DNA base pair. Under normal circumstances, the nitrogen-containing bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) pair together, and cytosine (C) and guanine (G) pair together. The binding of these base pairs forms the structure of DNA.

Detailed explanation-3: -A DNA strand comprises four nucleotides: two purine bases, adenine (A) and guanine (G), and two pyrimidine bases, thymine (T) and cytosine (C). Each base is connected to a deoxyribose sugar and linked by phosphodiester bonds at the 5′ and 3′ carbon of the sugar.

Detailed explanation-4: -In DNA nucleotides, the 3’ carbon of the sugar deoxyribose is attached to a hydroxyl (OH) group. In RNA nucleotides, the 2’ carbon of the sugar ribose also contains a hydroxyl group. The base is attached to the 1’carbon of the sugar.

Detailed explanation-5: -Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the hereditary material of most living organisms, consists of the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose with a phosphate linkage, to which is attached cytosine or any of three other bases, which together form two complementary pairs.