BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -New DNA is made by enzymes called DNA polymerases, which require a template and a primer (starter) and synthesize DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction.

Detailed explanation-2: -The dimeric structure of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme couples leading and lagging strand DNA syntheses during replication. Leading strand synthesis (bottom strand) is continuous and processive, but lagging strand synthesis must reinitiate many times during replication of the chromosome.

Detailed explanation-3: -Helicase, primase, and two molecules of DNA polymerase III carry out coordinated synthesis of both the leading and lagging strands of DNA.

Detailed explanation-4: -On the upper lagging strand, synthesis is discontinuous, since new RNA primers must be added as opening of the replication fork continues to expose new template. This produces a series of disconnected Okazaki fragments.