BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Thus, amino acids usually have both a positive charge on the amine group and a negative charge on the acid group.

Detailed explanation-2: -Charged amino acid side chains can form ionic bonds, and polar amino acids are capable of forming hydrogen bonds. Hydrophobic side chains interact with each other via weak van der Waals interactions. The vast majority of bonds formed by these side chains are noncovalent.

Detailed explanation-3: -Lysine and arginine are the two positively charged amino acids in proteins that have high aqueous pKa’s ( 10.5 for Lys1 and  13.8 for Arg2) indicating a strong propensity to carry charge at physiological pH.

Detailed explanation-4: -Since this pH is below any given pKa value, we have an abundance of protons in solution for a fully protonated amino acids. This gives us a neutral protonated carboxyl, and two positive protonated nitrogen atoms for a net charge of +2.