BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Cell uses the genes to synthesize proteins. This is a two-step process. The first step is transcription in which the sequence of one gene is replicated in an RNA molecule. The second step is translation in which the RNA molecule serves as a code for the formation of an amino-acid chain (a polypeptide).

Detailed explanation-2: -Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation.

Detailed explanation-3: -To begin with, initial transcription components include DNA, RNA polymerase core enzyme, and the subunit. Translation components include mRNA, small and large ribosomal subunits, initiation factors, elongation factors and tRNA.

Detailed explanation-4: -Initiation ("beginning"): in this stage, the ribosome gets together with the mRNA and the first tRNA so translation can begin. Elongation ("middle"): in this stage, amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNAs and linked together to form a chain.