BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Each amino acid is structured from an amino group and a carboxyl group bound to a tetrahedral carbon. This carbon is designated as the -carbon (alpha-carbon). Amino acids differ from each other with respect to their side chains, which are referred to as R groups.

Detailed explanation-2: -Just a recap, if you have on the end a Hydroxyl group, so OH. You have an Amino group, like an NH2, or you have a Sulfhydryl group, like an SH group on the end, then that would tell you that you have a polar R-Group for that particular Amino acid.

Detailed explanation-3: -Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. This R group, or side chain, gives each amino acid proteins specific characteristics, including size, polarity, and pH.

Detailed explanation-4: -Proline (Pro/P) is the only amino acid found in proteins with an R-group that joins with its own -amino group, making a secondary amine and a ring.

Detailed explanation-5: -Amino acids can be classified based on the characteristics of their distinctive side chains as nonpolar, polar but uncharged, negatively charged, or positively charged.