BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Genes that specify polypeptides are called protein-coding genes. Not all genes specify polypeptides. Instead, some provide instructions to build functional RNA molecules, such as the transfer RNAs and ribosomal RNAs that play roles in translation.

Detailed explanation-2: -The segment of DNA molecules which codes or specifies for one polypeptide chain is called as gene. A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.

Detailed explanation-3: -The genes in DNA encode protein molecules, which are the “workhorses” of the cell, carrying out all the functions necessary for life.

Detailed explanation-4: -One of the definitions of a gene is as follows: a segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) carrying the code for a specific polypeptide. Each molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) is a transcribed copy of a gene that is used by a cell for synthesizing a polypeptide chain.

Detailed explanation-5: -An amino acid is the fundamental molecule that serves as the building block for proteins. There are 20 different amino acids. A protein consists of one or more chains of amino acids (called polypeptides) whose sequence is encoded in a gene.