BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is made up of sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group (Figure 1.2). The combination of these molecules makes the building blocks for the DNA synthesis.

Detailed explanation-2: -Nucleic acids are DNA and RNA. The sugar in the DNA molecule is deoxyribose and the one in RNA is ribose sugar.

Detailed explanation-3: -The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. This backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.

Detailed explanation-4: -A phosphate backbone is the portion of the DNA double helix that provides structural support to the molecule. DNA consists of two strands that wind around each other like a twisted ladder. Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.

Detailed explanation-5: -Nucleotide A nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base. The bases used in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T).