BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Mg2+ interacts with substrates, enzymes, and occasionally both (Mg2+ may form part of the active site). In general, Mg2+ interacts with substrates through inner sphere coordination, stabilising anions or reactive intermediates, also including binding to ATP and activating the molecule to nucleophilic attack.

Detailed explanation-2: -Magnesium is primarily found within the cell [7] where it acts as a counter ion for the energy-rich ATP and nuclear acids. Magnesium is a cofactor in >300 enzymatic reactions [8, 10]. Magnesium critically stabilizes enzymes, including many ATP-generating reactions [14].

Detailed explanation-3: -ATP is also found in nucleic acids in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. In a neutral solution, ATP has negatively charged groups that allow it to chelate metals. Usually, Mg2+ stabilizes it.

Detailed explanation-4: -Role of divalent metal cations in ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by the hepatitis C virus NS3 helicase: magnesium provides a bridge for ATP to fuel unwinding.