BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -Free radicals are unstable atoms that can damage cells, causing illness and aging. Free radicals are linked to aging and a host of diseases, but little is known about their role in human health, or how to prevent them from making people sick.

Detailed explanation-2: -The free radical theory of aging posits that aging is caused by accumulation of damage inflicted by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Detailed explanation-3: -Production of free radicals in the human body Free radicals and other ROS are derived either from normal essential metabolic processes in the human body or from external sources such as exposure to X-rays, ozone, cigarette smoking, air pollutants, and industrial chemicals.

Detailed explanation-4: -The mechanism of free radical damage includes ROS-induced peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the cell membrane bilayer, which causes a chain reaction of lipid peroxidation, thus damaging the cellular membrane and causing further oxidation of membrane lipids and proteins.