BIOMOLECULES AND ENZYMES

Detailed explanation-1: -“Groans” refers to gastrointestinal symptoms of constipation, indigestion, nausea, and vomiting. Hypercalcemia can lead to peptic ulcers and acute pancreatitis. The peptic ulcers can be an effect of increased gastric acid secretion by hypercalcemia. “Moans” – malaise, fatigue, lethargy.

Detailed explanation-2: -A helpful mnemonic, “painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans, and psychic moans, ” can be used to recall the typical symptoms of hypercalcemia. Painful bones are the result of abnormal bone remodeling due to overproduction of PTH.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hypercalcemia is usually a result of overactive parathyroid glands. These four tiny glands are situated in the neck, near the thyroid gland. Other causes of hypercalcemia include cancer, certain other medical disorders, some medications, and taking too much of calcium and vitamin D supplements.