MEDICINE
CARDIOLOGY
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Membrane oxygenators, currently most widely applied in open heart surgeries, are not available until 1980s.
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The first open heart surgery using total extracorporeal cardio-pulmonary bypass in history was the repair of atrial septal defect in 1953.
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the first commercialized oxygenator is membrane oxygenerator
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Cardioplegic fluid is hyperkalemic, oxygenated and full of energy. Its purposes are to stop the heart from beating and therefore prevent myocardium from ischmia.
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Detailed explanation-1: -In the period 1955–1957, the first successful membrane oxygenator was developed by Clowes et al using sheets of polyethylene as a membrane. Named the Clowes handmade membrane device, it had a low but definite permeability to oxygen and carbon dioxide and contained a large surface area.
Detailed explanation-2: -Answer. The differences between ECMO and cardiopulmonary bypass are as follows: ECMO is frequently instituted using only cervical cannulation, which can be performed under local anesthesia; standard cardiopulmonary bypass is usually instituted by transthoracic cannulation under general anesthesia.
Detailed explanation-3: -This method allows the blood to “bypass” the heart and lungs, allowing these organs to rest and heal. ECMO is used in critical care situations, when your heart and lungs need help so that you can heal. It may be used in care for COVID-19, ARDS and other infections.