MEDICINE
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Increased Air Pollution.
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Increased drug abuse.
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Increased pathogen mutation rate.
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Overcrowded accommodation.
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Detailed explanation-1: -This resurgence was fueled by the following factors: The onset of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic; • Increases in immigration of persons from countries where TB disease was common; • TB transmission in congregate settings; and • The development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB.
Detailed explanation-2: -Improper ventilation, resulting from no windows, kaccha housing, living on the lower floors of high-rise buildings, and overcrowding, is associated with disease transmission and increases the incidence of TB by prolonging the time that TB bacilli droplets remain suspended in indoor air.
Detailed explanation-3: -A barometer for health inequalities These include marginalised groups such as prisoners, homeless people, people with substance abuse issues, refugees and migrants. London also has significant numbers of people with existing medical conditions, such as HIV and diabetes, which increase the risk of developing TB.
Detailed explanation-4: -In 2021, a total of 4, 425 people were notified with TB in England corresponding to a rate of 7.8 per 100, 000 population. England remains a low incidence country. The highest rates remain concentrated in large urban areas. For example, London accounted for 35.5% (1, 569 out of 4, 425) of cases, in 2021.