FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

Detailed explanation-1: -Generally, the critical parts of the operating system are maintained in RAM as long as the computer is on. This allows the CPU to have immediate access to the operating system, which enhances the performance and functionality of the overall system. When you open an application, it is loaded into RAM.

Detailed explanation-2: -When you open a program such as Microsoft Word, your computer loads the application into its RAM. If you open a document you already have saved on your computer, your operating system locates the file in long-term storage and copies the information onto its RAM.

Detailed explanation-3: -Cache Memory It acts as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory. It is used to hold those parts of data and program which are most frequently used by the CPU. The parts of data and programs are transferred from the disk to cache memory by the operating system, from where the CPU can access them.

Detailed explanation-4: -When a program is loaded into the memory and it becomes a process, it can be divided into four sections ─ stack, heap, text, and data.

Detailed explanation-5: -For a program to execute as a process, it has to be loaded into memory via a program loader. The executable file that contains the program consists of several sections that identify different regions of the program and where they should be loaded into memory.