FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

Detailed explanation-1: -The Cray-1 was a supercomputer designed, manufactured and marketed by Cray Research . Announced in 1975, the first Cray-1 system was installed at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1976. Eventually, 80 Cray-1s were sold, making it one of the most successful supercomputers in history.

Detailed explanation-2: -Examples of special-purpose supercomputers include Belle, Deep Blue, and Hydra for playing chess, Gravity Pipe for astrophysics, MDGRAPE-3 for protein structure prediction and molecular dynamics, and Deep Crack for breaking the DES cipher.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Cray-3 was a vector supercomputer, Seymour Cray’s designated successor to the Cray-2. The system was one of the first major applications of gallium arsenide (GaAs) semiconductors in computing, using hundreds of custom built ICs packed into a 1 cubic foot (0.028 m3) CPU.

Detailed explanation-4: -Supercomputers are used for data-intensive and computation-heavy scientific and engineering purposes such as quantum mechanics, weather forecasting, oil and gas exploration, molecular modeling, physical simulations, aerodynamics, nuclear fusion research and cryptoanalysis.

Detailed explanation-5: -supercomputer, any of a class of extremely powerful computers. The term is commonly applied to the fastest high-performance systems available at any given time. Such computers have been used primarily for scientific and engineering work requiring exceedingly high-speed computations.