FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

Detailed explanation-1: -Brattain (1902-1987), John Bardeen (1908-1991), and William B. Shockley (1910-1989) in 1947.

Detailed explanation-2: -A second-generation computer, through the late 1950s and 1960s featured circuit boards filled with individual transistors and magnetic core memory. These machines remained the mainstream design into the late 1960s, when integrated circuits started appearing and led to the third-generation computer.

Detailed explanation-3: -The period of second generation was from 1959-1965. In this generation, transistors were used that were cheaper, consumed less power, more compact in size, more reliable and faster than the first generation machines made of vacuum tubes.