FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

Detailed explanation-1: -But, if you type the formula as an absolute reference such as = $A$1+$A$2, and then copy the formula to any other location, it remains fixed as = $A$1+$A$2. You will learn how to make an absolute cell reference in the next section, so stay tuned.

Detailed explanation-2: -Excel automatically makes the cell reference absolute! By continuing to press F4, Excel will cycle through all of the absolute reference possibilities. For example, in the first absolute cell reference formula in this tutorial, =B4*$B$10, I could have typed, =B4*B10, then pressed the F4 key to change B10 to $B$10.

Detailed explanation-3: -$D$21:$D$44 is the column of numbers to add, the amount column. $B$21:$B$44 is the first criteria range, the region column. B10 is the first criteria value, the region. $C$21:$C$44 is the second criteria range, the department column.

Detailed explanation-4: -Excel absolute cell reference (with $ sign) The dollar sign fixes the reference to a given cell, so that it remains unchanged no matter where the formula moves. In other words, using $ in cell references allows you to copy the formula in Excel without changing references.