FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

Detailed explanation-1: -It does not depend on the hardware used in the implementation of the model. Changes in either hardware or DBMS software have no effect on the database design at the conceptual level. Once a DBMS is selected, you can then implement it. This is the internal model.

Detailed explanation-2: -(The internal model is hardware independent because it is unaffected by the choice of computer on which the software is installed. Therefore, a change in storage devices or even a change in operating systems will not affect the internal model.)

Detailed explanation-3: -The network model has structural level dependence. The external model is the representation of the database as “seen” by the DBMS. The hierarchical model is software-independent. The relational model is hardware-dependent and software-independent.

Detailed explanation-4: -internal model: a representation of the database as seen by the DBMS. logical data independence: the ability to change the logical schema without changing the external schema. logical design: where you create all the tables, constraints, keys, rules, etc.

Detailed explanation-5: -The relational model is hardware-dependent and software-independent. Today, most relational database products can be classified as object/relational. The hierarchical model is software-independent. Business rules must be rendered in writing.