FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

Detailed explanation-1: -Specialization is a top-down approach in which a higher-level entity is divided into multiple specialized lower-level entities.

Detailed explanation-2: -Specialization, in contrast, is a top-down approach since it creates lower-level entity types out of higher-level ones.

Detailed explanation-3: -➢ Generalization is a bottom-up approach in which two lower level entities combine to form a higher levels entity.

Detailed explanation-4: -The generalization process extracts the most common features of various entities and leads to the formation of a new entity. The specialization process takes up an entity and splits it to form various new entities-each of which inherits some of the features of the splitting entity.

Detailed explanation-5: -Specialization divides an entity to form multiple new entities that inherit some feature of the splitting entity. In Generalization, the higher level entity must have lower level entities. In Specialization, the higher level entity may not have lower level entities. In Generalization, schema size reduces.