FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

Detailed explanation-1: -Three persons, Walter Brattain, John Bardeen and William Shockley, shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for the breakthrough that they achieved on December 23, 1947. In certain respects, a fourth person was responsible for the transistor being discovered at that time.

Detailed explanation-2: -John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley invented the first working transistors at Bell Labs, the point-contact transistor in 1947. Shockley introduced the improved bipolar junction transistor in 1948, which entered production in the early 1950s and led to the first widespread use of transistors.

Detailed explanation-3: -The transistor, aka point-contact transistor, is a semiconductor device that can amplify or switch electrical signals. It was developed to replace vacuum tubes. Vacuum tubes were bulky, unreliable and consumed too much power. So AT&T’s research-and-development arm, Bell Labs, started a project to find an alternative.

Detailed explanation-4: -John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, working with group leader William Shockley, developed a device they called a transistor, which was successfully demonstrated on December 23, 1947 at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey.