FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

Detailed explanation-1: -These are called “relative” cell references, since they change relative to where you copy the formula. If you do not want cell references to change when you copy a formula, then make those cell references absolute cell references. Place a “$” before the column letter if you want that to always stay the same.

Detailed explanation-2: -There may be times when you do not want a cell reference to change when filling cells. Unlike relative references, absolute references do not change when copied or filled. You can use an absolute reference to keep a row and/or column constant.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are two types of cell references: relative and absolute. Relative and absolute references behave differently when copied and filled to other cells. Relative references change when a formula is copied to another cell. Absolute references, on the other hand, remain constant no matter where they are copied.

Detailed explanation-4: -If you want to maintain the original cell reference in this example when you copy it, you make the cell reference absolute by preceding the columns (B and C) and row (2) with a dollar sign ($). Then, when you copy the formula =$B$4*$C$4 from D4 to D5, the formula stays exactly the same.

Detailed explanation-5: -If you want to maintain the original cell reference when you copy it, you “lock” it by putting a dollar sign ($) before the cell and column references. For example, when you copy the formula =$A$2+$B$2 from C2 to D2, the formula stays exactly the same. This is an absolute reference.