EDUCATION (CBSE/UGC NET)

Detailed explanation-1: -According to it, the Atman, Carvaka says that the Atman and Cetana (Consciousness) both are different things and consciousness is the present property of ‘self’ and body. And there is no existence of the so-called eternal Atman because it has no outer or inner perception.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ether or space is not accepted as the fifth element because it is not perceived. Matter is the material and efficient cause of universe. It will always exist.

Detailed explanation-3: -(a) Carvaka: There are six valid sources of knowledge accepted by the different schools of Indian philosophy. ADVERTISEMENTS: These are perception, inference, comparison, verbal testimony, postulation and non-perception.

Detailed explanation-4: -According to Carvakas, perception (Pratyaksa) is the only source of valid knowledge and they hold that nothing exists except what is perceived by five senses. Accordingly, they refuted inference (anumana) and testimony (sabdha), which are accepted by almost all other schools of Indian philosophy as valid and reliable.