GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -This means the ice is less dense and so takes up more space than the liquid. It might be worth emphasising to the students that this is an unusual property and most substances become more dense as solids. This property contributes to the physical weathering of rocks.

Detailed explanation-2: -When frozen, water molecules take a more defined shape and arrange themselves in six-sided crystalline structures. The crystalline arrangement is less dense than that of the molecules in liquid form which makes the ice less dense than the liquid water. When water freezes, the volume expands by approximately 9%.

Detailed explanation-3: -When liquid water is cooled, it contracts like one would expect until a temperature of approximately 4 degrees Celsius is reached. After that, it expands slightly until it reaches the freezing point, and then when it freezes it expands by approximately 9%.

Detailed explanation-4: -The anomalous expansion of water is an abnormal property of water whereby it expands instead of contracting when the temperature goes from 4o C to 0o C, and it becomes less dense. The density is maximum at 4 degree centigrade and decreases below that temperature as shown in graph.

Detailed explanation-5: -bursting of water pipe’s during winter. preservation of the aquatic life during the very cold weather. icebergs floating on water.