GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A mountain range prevents two types of goat from mating, causing the gene pool to become less varied. A group of genetically differentiated bottlenose dolphins is separated from other members of its species and eventually goes extinct. An earthquake causes two populations to become separate from each other.

Detailed explanation-2: -Examples of geographic barriers include the formation of a mountain range, the movement of a glacier, and the division of a large lake into several smaller lakes.

Detailed explanation-3: -Geographic isolation occurs when two populations are separated by geographic barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water.

Detailed explanation-4: -An example of speciation is the Galápagos finch. Different species of these birds live on different islands in the Galápagos archipelago, located in the Pacific Ocean off South America. The finches are isolated from one another by the ocean.