GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The “Specific Gravity” of a substance is the ratio of its mass to that of an equal volume of water at the same temperature and pressure. This is also the ratio of the densities of the two substances: SG = (mass of a volume V of a material)/(mass of a volume V of water) = (rMaterial/rWater).

Detailed explanation-2: -Density is the mass of an object divided by its volume. Density often has units of grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3). Remember, grams is a mass and cubic centimeters is a volume (the same volume as 1 milliliter).

Detailed explanation-3: -Density is defined as mass per unit volume. It has the SI unit kg m-3 or kg/m3 and is an absolute quantity. Specific gravity is the ratio of a material’s density with that of water at 4 °C (where it is most dense and is taken to have the value 999.974 kg m-3).

Detailed explanation-4: -Multiply the specific gravity by 1, 000 to calculate the density of the substance in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/cubic meters) units. For example, the specific gravity of 0.84 corresponds to the density of 840 (0.84 x 1000) kg/cubic meters.