GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The correct answer is: Convection currents.

Detailed explanation-2: -These deep-ocean currents are driven by differences in the water’s density, which is controlled by temperature (thermo) and salinity (haline). This process is known as thermohaline circulation.

Detailed explanation-3: -A convection current is a current in a fluid resulting from convection. When one part of a fluid is heated, the temperature difference causes the fluid to move in a current or defined direction. As the heated fluid rises, it is replaced by a cooler fluid, which is sometimes referred to as a convection cycle.

Detailed explanation-4: -A convection current is a process that involves the movement of energy from one place to another. It is also called convection heat transfer.

Detailed explanation-5: -During convection, cooler water or air sinks, and warmer water or air rises. This movement causes currents. Ocean currents are like rivers of water moving through the sea. Some currents are caused by convection, while others, called surface currents, are driven by wind.