GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Expert-Verified Answer. The correct answer is letter B. Horizontal water movements.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ocean currents are the continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater driven by gravity, wind (Coriolis Effect), and water density. Ocean water moves in two directions: horizontally and vertically. Horizontal movements are referred to as currents, while vertical changes are called upwellings or downwellings.

Detailed explanation-3: -AN UPWELLING moves water vertically from the surface to deeper parts of the ocean. Density currents are caused by density changes, which are brought on by changes in temperature or WIND. The oceans are the major source of moisture for THE WATER CYCLE.

Detailed explanation-4: -Worldwide, there are five major coastal currents associated with upwelling areas: the Canary Current (off Northwest Africa), the Benguela Current (off southern Africa), the California Current (off California and Oregon), the Humboldt Current (off Peru and Chile), and the Somali Current (off Somalia and Oman).

Detailed explanation-5: -Upwelling is a process in which deep, cold water rises toward the surface. This graphic shows how displaced surface waters are replaced by cold, nutrient-rich water that “wells up” from below. Conditions are optimal for upwelling along the coast when winds blow along the shore.