GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In the early 21st century a major eruption began in July 2001 and lasted several weeks. Other significant early 21st-century volcanic activity included the Strombolian eruptions of 2002–03, 2007, 2015, 2017, 2019, and 2020.

Detailed explanation-2: -The current eruption period began in September 2013 and has consisted of Strombolian explosions, ash plumes, lava fountaining, pyroclastic flows, and lava flows associated primarily with the Southeast crater (SEC).

Detailed explanation-3: -The Strombolian style is common during the eruptions that build cinder cones. National Park examples: Capulin Volcano National Monument, Cinder Cone in Lassen Volcanic National Park, numerous cinder cones in El Malpais National Monument, Craters of the Moon National Monument.

Detailed explanation-4: -Etna’s current activity consists of continuous summit degassing, explosive Strombolian eruptions, and frequent basaltic lava flows.

Detailed explanation-5: -Etna flank eruption that began on 27th October is continuing, after almost a month of activity. During this period several distinct phases of eruptive style have been observed. The first phase of the eruption ended on 5th November, when lava flows from the northern fissure stopped.