GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The plan was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program (VHP) and its affiliated partners in state and academic institutions.

Detailed explanation-2: -USGS monitors volcano activity, assess their hazards, issues warnings, and advances scientific understanding to reduce impacts of volcano eruptions.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) is a service institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) that is principally mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise from volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami and other related geotectonic phenomena.

Detailed explanation-4: -Monitoring a volcano requires scientists to use of a variety of techniques that can hear and see activity inside a volcano. The USGS Volcano Hazards Program monitors volcanoes to detect signs of change that forewarn of volcanic reawakening.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Cascades Volcano Observatory offices in Vancouver, WA. (Credit: Driedger, Carolyn L.. Public domain.) The USGS CVO staff conduct research on many aspects of active volcanism, respond to dangerous volcanic activity in many parts of the world, and maintain a close watch over volcanoes in Washington, Oregon and Idaho.