HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -The concept of sustainable management encompasses ecological, economic, and social criteria and indicators (C&I) for monitoring and assessing the association between maintaining a healthy rangeland base and sustaining the well-being of communities and economies.

Detailed explanation-2: -The rangeland ecosystem is a complex phenomenon involving a multitude of interrelated functions with each influencing the others. The system’s major components are: producers, converters, soils, decomposers and microconsumers, microclimate and manipulators.

Detailed explanation-3: -Strategies such as removal of undesirable plant species (e.g. mechanical, chemical, biological control methods), seeding desirable plants that compete with undesirable species, and using tools such as grazing or prescribed fire as means for restoration.

Detailed explanation-4: -Rangelands are managed for forage production, water harvesting, recreation, and wildlife production. On rangelands, management is heavily focused on vegetation.