HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Forest thinning: Partial removal of trees is used for a variety of commercial and non-commercial purposes, including reducing competition among closely spaced stems in young stands to accelerate growth of remaining trees and reduce flammable vegetation (“fuels”).

Detailed explanation-2: -Ecological thinning A thinning in which the trees removed have little or no economic value is called a pre-commercial thinning. Ecological thinning is a variant of this being studied for use in forest conservation.

Detailed explanation-3: -The effects of thinning indicate a reduction of density and a trend towards an increase of growth rates at tree level for a short time after thinning. Biomass and volume show similar or smaller values when compared to unthinned stands.

Detailed explanation-4: -Thinning creates openings in the forest canopy allowing sunlight to reach the understory, which stimulate growth of more grasses, forbs, and shrubs. The greater abundance of native plants species closely resembles historical forest conditions.