HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Lack of affordable housing, flexible and part-time career posts for women and affordable and publicly funded (free) child care have contributed to the current low fertility/birth rates.

Detailed explanation-2: -There are several reasons for falling birth rates – traditional factors include economic growth, improved education and access to contraception.

Detailed explanation-3: -Factors in Fertility Decline Decreasing infant and child mortality, reducing pressure for more children to ensure survivors. Economic development, improved standards of living, rising expectations and family income levels. Urbanization – family needs and resources change compared to rural society.

Detailed explanation-4: -For example, better-educated women tend to have better jobs and earn higher incomes, thus the forgone earnings from taking care of children would be higher for these women. Thus, women with primary education tend to have 0–30% fewer children than uneducated women (ratio of total fertility rate of 1 to 0.7).