HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Adults: Coleoptera adults can be recognized primarily by the presence of heavily sclerotized fore wings (elytra) which lack veins and cover the membranous hind wings (Fig. 12.2). In addition, the entire body is generally hardened and three pairs of segmented legs are present.

Detailed explanation-2: -Their shape is usually related to where they live and how they feed or move. Some larvae have legs while others lack them (termed apodous). Many that live under ground or in wood are grub-like, having soft, pale bodies and dark, hardened heads bearing strong mandibles. Others are more robust and hardened all over.

Detailed explanation-3: -BEETLES (Coleoptera) More than 300, 000 species of beetles have been described, representing 30–40% of all known insects.

Detailed explanation-4: -Larval Characteristics: The larvae of beetles also come in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on where they live and what they eat. Larvae generally appear grub-like with a well-defined head capsule, which may be highly sclerotised. They have short antennae and usually have chewing mouthparts.