HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -The process of seed germination includes the following five changes or steps: imbibition, respiration, effect of light on seed germination, mobilization of reserves during seed germination, and role of growth regulators and development of the embryo axis into a seedling.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cold stratification is often effective in breaking seed dormancy. This occurs naturally in winter when seeds are subjected to freezing and thawing in moist conditions. Once the cool, moist period is completed, the seed is physiologically ready to germinate once adequate soil temperature and moisture is available.

Detailed explanation-3: -Seed germination starts with imbibition, when the seed takes in water from the soil. This triggers root growth to allow the seed to get more water. Then, the shoots develop and grow towards the sun above ground. After the shoots reach the ground, leaves form, allowing the plant to harvest energy from the sun.

Detailed explanation-4: -Imbibition: water fills the seed. The water activates enzymes that begin the plant’s growth. The seed grows a root to access water underground. The seed grows shoots that grow towards the sun. The shoots grow leaves and begin photmorphogenesis.