HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -The four modes of subsistence are foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture.

Detailed explanation-2: -For most of human history, our species exclusively foraged for food via hunting, gathering and/or fishing [15]. The subsequent spread of food production as a primary mode of subsistence has been referred to as ‘the most important process in Holocene human history’ [11].

Detailed explanation-3: -There are five main subsistence strategies or subsistence patterns that are commonly used. Combinations of these strategies can be used to develop a subsistence system. The five modes of subsistence are foraging, pastoralism, horticulture, agriculture, and industrialism.