HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -The excessive use of water for irrigation in dry climates, with heavy soils, causes salt accumulation because they are not washed out by rainfall. The process occurs in cultivated areas where irrigation is associated with high evaporation rates and a clay texture of the soil.

Detailed explanation-2: -As the water is taken up by plants through transpiration or lost to the atmosphere by evaporation, soil water salinity increases because salts become more concentrated in the remaining soil water. Thus, evapotranspiration (ET) between irrigation periods can further increase salinity.

Detailed explanation-3: -Excessive irrigation causes water logging and increas es sur face salinity which leads to soil salinity.